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by Behind The Knife: The Surgery Podcast
Behind the Knife is the world’s #1 surgery podcast. From high-yield educational topics to interviews with leaders in the field, Behind the Knife delivers the information you need to know. Tune in for timely, relevant, and engaging content designed to help you DOMINATE THE DAY!
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Get a behind-the-scenes look at one of the most anticipated sessions from the Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland Annual Conference: “Bad Day on Call.”In this session, expert surgeons from the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada work through challenging real-world acute care and trauma cases. As each case unfolds, the panel explores key decision points while highlighting both the similarities and differences in surgical management across healthcare systems.This year’s panel featured an outstanding group of acute care and trauma surgeons, including Dr. Rob Lim, Dr. Courtney Collins, Dr. Michael Cripps, Dr. Caroline Reinke, Dr. Chris Schlachta, Mr. Christian Macutkiewicz, Mr. Adam Peckham-Cooper, Miss Kate Hancorn, and Mr. Dimitrios Damaskos. Hope you enjoy this engaging discussion filled with practical insights and international perspectives!Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more. If you liked this episode, check out our recent episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/listenBehind the Knife Premium: https://behindtheknife.org/premiumOral Board Review: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-boardOral Board Simulator: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-board/simulatorGeneral Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/general-surgery-oral-board-reviewTrauma Surgery Video Atlas: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/trauma-surgery-video-atlasDominate Surgery: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Clerkship: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-clerkshipDominate Surgery for APPs: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Rotation: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-for-apps-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-rotationVascular Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/vascular-surgery-oral-board-reviewColorectal Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/colorectal-surgery-oral-board-reviewSurgical Oncology Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/surgical-oncology-oral-board-reviewCardiothoracic Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/cardiothoracic-surgery-oral-board-reviewDownload our App:Apple App Store: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/behind-the-knife/id1672420049Android/Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.btk.app&hl=en_US
It’s hospital day five. The patient looked better yesterday… but now she’s hypotensive, on vasopressors, acidotic, and spiraling toward multi-organ failure. The CT scan doesn’t show perforation or megacolon, but your gut tells you this is going south. Do you keep pushing medical therapy… or is it time to operate?Join Drs. Rushabh Dev, Jeffrey Coughenour, Kevin Bartow, Raymond Okeke, and Desra Fletcher from the Emergency General Surgery team in Tiger Country at Mizzou as they tackle one of the deadliest and most challenging diseases acute care surgeons face: fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection. In this Clinical Challenges episode, the panel discusses diagnostic stewardship, ASCRS recommendations, timing of operative intervention and technique, subtotal colectomy versus diverting loop ileostomy with lavage, and physiology that should push surgeons toward definitive source control. Through a real-world high-risk case vignette, the team explores the hardest question in emergency general surgery: when to stop hoping medical therapy will work and pull the operative trigger.Hosts Dr. Rushabh Dev FACS (Moderator, Surgical Attending) – Assistant Professor of Surgery, Associate PD ACS & SCCM Fellowship, SICU Medical Director, Lieutenant Commander United States Navy Reserve Dr. Jeffery Coughenour FACS (Surgical Attending) – Professor of Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Trauma Medical Director at the University of Missouri SOM Dr. Kevin Bartow FACS (Surgical Attending) –Professor of Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgeon and General Surgery. Department of General Surgery at the University of Missouri SOM Raymond Okeke – Acute Care Surgery/Surgical Critical Care Fellow, University of Missouri School of Medicine Desra Fletcher – PGY 3 General Surgery Resident, University of Missouri School of Medicine Learning ObjectivesBy the end of this episode, listeners should be able to: Define the spectrum of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), including non-severe, severe, and fulminant disease, and recognize the physiologic implications of fulminant colitis. Review contemporary diagnostic stewardship for CDI, including appropriate stool testing, pitfalls of PCR/NAAT interpretation, and the role and limitations of CT imaging in fulminant disease. Describe evidence-based medical management of fulminant CDI, including high-dose enteral vancomycin, intravenous metronidazole, rectal vancomycin for ileus, and principles of antimicrobial stewardship. Recognize the high-risk clinical features that should prompt urgent surgical evaluation, including worsening shock, vasopressor dependence, lactate elevation, organ failure, and evolving abdominal exam findings. Discuss the operative indications and timing for surgery in fulminant CDI and understand why delayed intervention contributes to mortality. Compare subtotal colectomy with end ileostomy versus diverting loop ileostomy with antegrade lavage, including current evidence, patient selection, limitations of the literature, and ASCRS recommendations. Review practical operative strategies for subtotal colectomy in unstable patients, including damage-control principles and common technical pitfalls. Apply clinical reasoning to a complex, high-risk case of fulminant CDI in a patient with decompensated cirrhosis, septic shock, and multi-organ dysfunction. References ASCRS Clinical Practice Guidelines for *Clostridioides difficile* Infection (2021) Surgical Management of *Clostridium difficile* Colitis — Neal et al., 2011 (Loop Ileostomy + Lavage Protocol) Clinical Practice Guidelines for *Clostridioides difficile* Infection in Adults and Children (IDSA/SHEA, 2021 Update) Adjunctive Hyperbaric Oxygen and Surgical Outcomes in Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections (Background discussion of severe infection physiology) Total Abdominal Colectomy Versus Diverting Loop Ileostomy for Fulminant CDI — Systematic Review & Meta-analysis Current Status of Surgical Therapy for Fulminant *Clostridioides difficile* Colitis Behind
The majority of non-fatal gunshot wound survivors walk away with a bullet still inside them. Most are discharged without a removal attempt, without a surveillance plan, and without a conversation about what comes next. This episode fills that gap.Dr. Patrick Georgoff is joined by BIG T co-host Dr. Teddy Puzio (UT Houston), gun violence survivor and trauma surgeon Dr. Madhu Subramanian (Duke), and Dr. Tyler Simpson (Duke ACS Fellow) for a practical, honest conversation about one of trauma's most overlooked topics.What we cover: Epidemiology: how common retained fragments really are, and why the downstream burden is underappreciated When to remove (and when not to): a framework for both index hospitalization and delayed removal Forensic evidence: how to handle bullets in the OR without destroying their evidentiary value — and who to call when you don't know Lead toxicity: the rare but real complication that can surface a decade later, which blood lead levels should prompt action, and when to call hematology or toxicology The psychology: retained bullets are independently associated with depression and reduced return to work — and that belongs in the risk-benefit conversation DOMINATE THE DAYBIG T Trauma Full Series: https://behindtheknife.org/podcast-series/big-t-traumaThis episode of Big T Trauma was sponsored by Teleflex, a global provider of medical devices. Learn more at teleflex.com and at the Teleflex Trauma and Emergency Medicine LinkedIn page. Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more. If you liked this episode, check out our recent episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/listenBehind the Knife Premium: https://behindtheknife.org/premiumOral Board Review: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-boardOral Board Simulator: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-board/simulatorGeneral Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/general-surgery-oral-board-reviewTrauma Surgery Video Atlas: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/trauma-surgery-video-atlasDominate Surgery: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Clerkship: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-clerkshipDominate Surgery for APPs: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Rotation: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-for-apps-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-rotationVascular Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/vascular-surgery-oral-board-reviewColorectal Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/colorectal-surgery-oral-board-reviewSurgical Oncology Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/surgical-oncology-oral-board-reviewCardiothoracic Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/cardiothoracic-surgery-oral-board-reviewDownload our App:Apple App Store: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/behind-the-knife/id1672420049Android/Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.btk.app&hl=en_US
In this episode, hosts Drs. Maya Hunt, Nicole Santucci, Bryanna Stukes and Zoe Zhou explore the parallels between the literacy crisis in America and current challenges in surgical education, drawing insights from the podcast "Sold a Story." They discuss how both systems advance learners without true competency, blame struggling students rather than examining flawed teaching methods, and look to the promise of competency-based education as a path forward. Beyond surgical training, they examine how declining literacy rates will directly impact how we communicate with and care for our future patients.Episode Hosts:–Dr. Maya Hunt, Indiana Universitymayahunt@iu.edu-Dr. Nicole Santucci, Washington University in St. Louissnicole@wustl.edu-Dr. Bryanna Stukes, UT Southwesternbryanna.stukes@UTSouthwestern.edu-Dr. Nanruoyi (Zoe) Zhou, Weill Cornell Medicinezhoun1@mskcc.org–CoSEF: @surgedfellows, cosef.org References:1. Sold A Story: How teaching kids to read went so wrong | podcast. Accessed February 22, 2026. https://features.apmreports.org/sold-a-story/.2. 2024-2025 Literacy Statistics. National Literacy Institute. Accessed February 22, 2026. https://www.thenationalliteracyinstitute.com/2024-2025-literacy-statistics.3. Purdy AC, Smith BR, Amersi F, et al. Characteristics Associated With Outstanding General Surgery Residency Graduate Performance, as Rated by Surgical Educators. JAMA Surg. 2022;157(10):918-924. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2022.3340 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35947371/4. Santosa KB, Lussiez A, Bellomo TR, et al. Identifying Strategies for Struggling Surgery Residents. J Surg Res. 2022;273:147-154. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2021.12.026 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35085942/5. Mattar SG, Alseidi AA, Jones DB, et al. General surgery residency inadequately prepares trainees for fellowship: results of a survey of fellowship program directors. Ann Surg. 2013;258(3):440-449. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182a191ca https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24022436/6. George BC, Bohnen JD, Williams RG, et al. Readiness of US General Surgery Residents for Independent Practice. Ann Surg. 2017;266(4):582-594. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000002414 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28742711/7. Brasel KJ, Lindeman B, Jones A, et al. Implementation of Entrustable Professional Activities in General Surgery: Results of a National Pilot Study. Ann Surg. 2023;278(4):578-586. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000005991 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37436883/Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more. If you liked this episode, check out our recent episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/listenBehind the Knife Premium: https://behindtheknife.org/premiumOral Board Review: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-boardOral Board Simulator: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-board/simulatorGeneral Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/general-surgery-oral-board-reviewTrauma Surgery Video Atlas: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/trauma-surgery-video-atlasDominate Surgery: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Clerkship: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-clerkshipDominate Surgery for APPs: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Rotation: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-for-apps-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-rotationVascular Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/vascular-surgery-oral-board-reviewColor
Ileocolic resection is one of the most common operations performed for Crohn's disease, yet the optimal approach to anastomotic construction and mesenteric management remains an active area of debate. From the configuration of the anastomosis to the extent of mesenteric excision, emerging evidence suggests that surgical technique may play a meaningful role in disease outcomes. Join Drs. Jared Hendren, Elissa Dabaghi, Joseph Trunzo, Ajaratu Keshinro, and David Rosen as they discuss methods for ileocolic anastomosis in Crohn's disease while reviewing the latest literature.Hosts: - Jared Hendren, MDInstitution: Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio- Elissa Dabaghi, MDInstitution: Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio- Joseph Trunzo, MDInstitution: Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OhioX/Twitter @joseph_trunzo- Ajaratu Keshinro, MDInstitution: Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OhioX/Twitter- @AJKesh- David Rosen, MDInstitution: Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OhioX/Twitter- @davidrrosenmdLearning Objectives: By the end of this episode, listeners will be able to:1. Evaluate the evidence for the Kono-S anastomosis in reducing postoperative recurrence after ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease2. Describe the role of the mesentery in driving recurrence and discuss how mesenteric-targeting surgical approaches may influence outcomes3. Interpret the results of recent randomized controlled trials on extended mesenteric excision and apply them to surgical decision-making in ileocolic resection for Crohn's diseasePlease visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more. If you liked this episode, check out our recent episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/listenBehind the Knife Premium: https://behindtheknife.org/premiumOral Board Review: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-boardOral Board Simulator: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-board/simulatorGeneral Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/general-surgery-oral-board-reviewTrauma Surgery Video Atlas: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/trauma-surgery-video-atlasDominate Surgery: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Clerkship: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-clerkshipDominate Surgery for APPs: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Rotation: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-for-apps-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-rotationVascular Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/vascular-surgery-oral-board-reviewColorectal Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/colorectal-surgery-oral-board-reviewSurgical Oncology Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/surgical-oncology-oral-board-reviewCardiothoracic Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/cardiothoracic-surgery-oral-board-reviewDownload our App:Apple App Store: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/behind-the-knife/id1672420049Android/Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.btk.app&hl=en_US
As cancer vaccines move into Phase II and III clinical trials, it isincreasingly important for surgeons to understand their role in thisevolving landscape. What exactly are these vaccines, how do they work,and what should the surgical community know about theirimplementation? Join BTK surgical education fellows Kara Button andMichelle LaBella as they sit down with Professor Robert Jones to breakdown the science of mRNA vaccines, the logistics of tissueprocurement, and the future of cancer care.Hosts:- Professor Robert Jones: Consultant Liver Surgeon, Liverpool UniversityHospitals; UK National Institute for Healthcare Research, Co-Lead forthe Cancer Vaccine Innovation Pathway, Bowel Cancer UK and RoyalCollege of Surgeons UK Lead for Research into Advanced Bowel Cancer,and UK Chief Investigator for the BNT122-01 trial.https://www.linkedin.com/in/robert-jones-6103722a/- Kara Button, DO: General Surgery Resident, Maine Medical Center;Behind the Knife Surgical Education Fellow.- Michelle LaBella, MD: General Surgery Resident; University of NorthCarolina; Behind the Knife Surgical Education Fellow.References:https://clinicaltrials.biontech.com/trials/BNT122-01Jones RP, Lee LYW, Corrie PG, et al. Individualized cancer vaccinesversus surveillance after adjuvant chemotherapy for surgicallyresected high-risk stage 2 and stage 3 colorectal cancer: protocol fora randomized trial. BJS. 2023;110(12):1883-1884.doi:10.1093/bjs/znad332https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37856683/Tie J, Wang Y, Loree JM, et al. Circulating tumor DNA-guided adjuvanttherapy in locally advanced colon cancer: the randomized phase 2/3DYNAMIC-III trial. Nat Med. 2025;31(12):4291-4300.doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04030-whttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41115959/Rojas LA, Sethna Z, Soares KC, et al. Personalized RNA neoantigenvaccines stimulate T cells in pancreatic cancer. Nature.2023;618(7963):144-150. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06063-yhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37165196/https://www.cancer.ox.ac.uk/research/lynchvax#:~:text=The%20LynchVax%20program%2C%20funded%20by,individuals%20with%20this%20genetic%20conditionPlease visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more. If you liked this episode, check out our recent episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/listenBehind the Knife Premium: https://behindtheknife.org/premiumOral Board Review: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-boardOral Board Simulator: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-board/simulatorGeneral Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/general-surgery-oral-board-reviewTrauma Surgery Video Atlas: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/trauma-surgery-video-atlasDominate Surgery: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Clerkship: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-clerkshipDominate Surgery for APPs: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Rotation: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-for-apps-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-rotationVascular Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/vascular-surgery-oral-board-audio-reviewColorectal Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/colorectal-surgery-oral-board-audio-reviewSurgical Oncology Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/surgical-oncology-oral-board-audio-reviewC
Can an algorithm actually give you your life back? A recent Stanford paper revealed that using large language models at home yields massive efficiency gains—up to 176%. For busy surgeons drowning in clinical duties and administrative bloat, every reclaimed second is priceless.In this episode of Behind the Knife, Ayman and Patrick sit down with Christian Péan—an orthopedic trauma surgeon, Duke’s Executive Director of AI and IT Innovation, and the Founder/CEO of RevelAi Health. He’s also a Core faculty member at the Duke-Margolis Institute for Health Policy. Dr. Péan breaks down how naturally skeptical surgeons can adopt AI to save time, shares his granular daily workflow, and discusses his mission to cure physician burnout through tech. Whether you are a tech enthusiast or a total skeptic, this episode gives you the practical playbook for integrating AI into your surgical career today.Hosts:- Ayman Ali, MDAyman Ali is a PGY-4 at Duke Hospital and current Behind the Knife fellow.- Patrick Georgoff, MD @georgoffPatrick Georgoff is faculty in the Department of Surgery at the Duke University School of Medicine where he serves as an Associate Professor of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery and Trauma Medical Director. He is a leading educator and creator for Behind the Knife, a premier digital education platform and podcast advancing surgical training through innovative, high-yield multimedia content.- Christian Péan, MD @DrChristianPeanChristian Péan is faculty in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the Duke University School of Medicine where he serves as Executive Director of AI and IT Innovation. He is the Founder and CEO of RevelAi Health, a health technology company advancing the transition to value-based care in musculoskeletal health with conversational AI. He is also author of the popular substack Techy Surgeon. https://www.revelaihealth.com/https://techysurgeon.substack.com/Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more. If you liked this episode, check out our recent episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/listenBehind the Knife Premium: https://behindtheknife.org/premiumOral Board Review: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-boardOral Board Simulator: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-board/simulatorGeneral Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/general-surgery-oral-board-reviewTrauma Surgery Video Atlas: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/trauma-surgery-video-atlasDominate Surgery: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Clerkship: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-clerkshipDominate Surgery for APPs: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Rotation: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-for-apps-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-rotationVascular Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/vascular-surgery-oral-board-audio-reviewColorectal Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/colorectal-surgery-oral-board-audio-reviewSurgical Oncology Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/surgical-oncology-oral-board-audio-reviewCardiothoracic Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/cardiothoracic-surgery-oral-board-audio-reviewDownload our App:Apple App Store: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/behind-the-knife/id1672420049Android/Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.btk.app&hl=en_US
What are the experts saying about thyroid cancer treatment in 2025? Maybe it’s time to discuss deescalation of aggressive surgical care for lower risk thyroid cancers. We can accept that less surgery may be appropriate in select cases, including more thyroid lobectomies versus total thyroidectomies, consider less invasive approaches such as percutaneous ablation techniques, and utilize more observation with active surveillance. Early assessment of treatment may allow appropriate reduction in use of radioactive iodine ablation and more relaxed routine monitoring can reduce surveillance burden to patients and providers. Hosts: - Amanda Doubleday, DO, MBA, Assistant Professor, Waukesha Surgical Specialists, ProHealth Care. Affiliated with University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery. - Simon Holoubek, DO, MPH, Assistant Professor, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery. - Alexander Chiu, MD, Assistant Professor, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery. - Rebecca S Sippel, MD, FACS, Professor and Chair of Division of Endocrine Surgery, Vice Chair of Academic Affairs and Professional Development, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery. Learning Objectives:- Risk stratification system now includes 4 categories: low, low-intermediate, high-intermediate, and high-TSH suppression targets are simplified: below the normal range if there is structural or biochemical disease and in the normal range if disease free. - Thyroid lobectomy is recommended for tumors < 2cm cT1N0 tumors and can be considered for tumors 2-4 cm. - Micro-Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (<1cm) can be managed with active surveillance and/or percutaneous ablation - Central compartment lymph node dissection includes levels 6-7. - RAI is strongly not recommended for low risk cancers. Can be considered in low-intermediate and high-intermediate cancers. It is routinely recommended in high risk cancers. References: Ringel MD, Sosa JA, Baloch Z, Bischoff L, Bloom G, Brent GA, Brock PL, Chou R, Flavell RR, Goldner W, Grubbs EG, Haymart M, Larson SM, Leung AM, Osborne JR, Ridge JA, Robinson B, Steward DL, Tufano RP, Wirth LJ. 2025 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2025 Aug;35(8):841-985. doi: 10.1177/10507256251363120. Erratum in: Thyroid. 2025 Nov;35(11):1350. doi: 10.1177/10507256251387671. PMID: 40844370.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40844370/Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more. If you liked this episode, check out our recent episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/listenBehind the Knife Premium: https://behindtheknife.org/premiumOral Board Review: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-boardOral Board Simulator: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-board/simulatorGeneral Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/general-surgery-oral-board-reviewTrauma Surgery Video Atlas: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/trauma-surgery-video-atlasDominate Surgery: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Clerkship: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-clerkshipDominate Surgery for APPs: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Rotation: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-for-apps-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-rotationVascular Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/vascular-surgery-oral-board-audio-reviewColorectal Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/colorectal-surgery-oral-board-audio-reviewSurgical Oncology Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/pre
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