From Tissue to Mechanism to Decision: Building AI for Computational Oncology

In this episode of Data in Biotech, host Ross Katz sits down with Arvind Rao, Professor of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics at the University of Michigan, for a discussion on the gap between what biomedical AI can do and what it can reliably be trusted to do in clinical practice. Arvind's research sits at the intersection of computational oncology and AI governance and his lab works across H&E histopathology, multiplex immunofluorescence, spatial transcriptomics, and single-cell RNA sequencing, not just to build predictive models, but to understand the full lifecycle from data to model to inference, and to ask where that lifecycle can be trusted and where it can't.  The conversation moves through two of his recent papers on SPIFEE, a graph-based framework that replaces scalar interaction scores in the tumor microenvironment with spatially resolved functional representations, and a multimodal framework that traces a path from stained tissue slides to nominated drug targets via morphological pattern discovery and spatial transcriptomic mapping.  What you’ll learn in this episode:  >> Why the field's central failure is not algorithmic but translational and the gap between a model that performs well on a benchmark and one that can be consistently trusted in a high-stakes clinical setting  >> How SPIFEE replaces the conventional scalar edge representation of cell-cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment with spatially resolved functional edges >> How Arvind's multimodal framework moves from H&E pathology slides labeled with clinical outcomes, through morphological pattern discovery via multiple instance learning, to spatial transcriptomic mapping, to the nomination of molecular mechanisms and actionable drug targets >> Why Goodhart's Law applies directly to foundation model evaluation in biology  >> What the AI literacy gap costs when it goes unaddressed in healthcare and pharma organizations  Meet our guest: Arvind Rao is a Professor of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, with a joint appointment in Radiation Oncology, at the University of Michigan. His research focuses on establishing trust in biomedical AI predictions across the full data-to-decision pipeline, integrating H&E histopathology, spatial transcriptomics, multiplex immunofluorescence, and single-cell RNA sequencing to build models that are predictive, interpretable, and biologically credible. Alongside his research, Arvind develops AI literacy programs for healthcare and pharma professionals, helping clinical and procurement teams evaluate and govern AI systems with the rigor those decisions demand. Connect with Arvind Rao on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/arvind-rao-3301301ba/ About the host: Ross Katz is Principal and Data Science Lead at CorrDyn. Ross specializes in building intelligent data systems that empower biotech and healthcare organizations to extract insights and drive innovation. Connect with Ross Katz on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/b-ross-katz/ Connect with us: Follow the podcast for more insightful discussions on the latest in biotech and data science.Subscribe and leave a review if you enjoyed this episode! Sponsored by… This episode is brought to you by CorrDyn, the leader in data-driven solutions for biotech and healthcare. Discover how CorrDyn is helping organizations turn data into breakthroughs at CorrDyn. https://www.linkedin.com/company/corrdyn/