987: Rules for Global Seed Saving with Bill McDorman

Join our monthly Seed Chat at SeedChat.orgIn This Podcast: In this monthly Seed Chat, Greg Peterson and Bill McDorman explore the global rules governing seed ownership, seed saving, biodiversity, and agricultural policy. The conversation dives into international treaties, plant patenting, farmers’ rights, and the growing tension between the Global North and Global South over control of genetic resources. Bill shares firsthand experiences attending United Nations treaty negotiations and working with Indigenous seed sovereignty issues through Native Seeds/SEARCH. The episode also highlights why everyday gardeners and farmers should become “seed citizens” by saving and sharing locally adapted seeds.Bill McDorman is a renowned seed saver, educator, and advocate for agricultural biodiversity. He co-founded the Rocky Mountain Seed Alliance and has spent decades teaching gardeners and farmers how to grow, save, and share heirloom seeds. Through workshops, speaking, and mentorship, Bill inspires communities to strengthen local food systems, preserve regional seed diversity, and protect seed sovereignty for future generations.Key TopicsSeed libraries and locally adapted seed sharingInternational Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA)UPOV and global plant variety protection lawsWorld Trade Organization (WTO) seed policy influenceFarmers’ rights and seed sovereigntyPlant patenting and intellectual property in agricultureConvention on Biological Diversity (CBD)Nagoya Protocol and access-benefit sharingDigital Sequence Information (DSI) and genetic ownershipNative Seeds/SEARCH and Indigenous seed stewardshipOrganic Seed Alliance and seed policy debatesGlobal North vs. Global South agricultural power dynamicsSeed banks and the Multilateral System (MLS)The importance of saving open-pollinated seedsThe future resilience of local food systemsKey Questions AnsweredWhat is the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture?The ITPGRFA is a legally binding international treaty created to govern the conservation, sharing, and equitable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. It officially entered into force in 2004 and now includes participation from more than 180 countries.Why do global seed treaties matter to everyday gardeners and farmers?These treaties influence who can save seeds, who profits from plant genetics, and how agricultural biodiversity is preserved. The policies affect food security, seed availability, farmer independence, and long-term resilience of local food systems.What is UPOV and why is it controversial?UPOV is an international agreement that grants intellectual property protections to plant breeders. Critics argue that newer versions of UPOV weaken farmers’ traditional rights to save and replant seeds while strengthening corporate control over agriculture.How does the WTO influence seed laws around the world?According to Bill McDorman, countries seeking participation in global trade systems often adopt UPOV-style protections as part of WTO-related trade expectations, creating pressure on smaller nations to align with industrial seed systems.What is the Nagoya Protocol?The Nagoya Protocol is an international agreement designed to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. It attempts to address historical exploitation of Indigenous and Global South biodiversity by pharmaceutical and agricultural corporations.What is Digital Sequence Information (DSI)?DSI refers to genetic sequencing data derived from crops and plant varieties. A major debate centers around who owns this information and whether communities that stewarded these crops for generations should share in the economic benefits created from their genetic data.What are farmers’ rights in global seed policy?Farmers’ rights include the ability to save, use, exchange, and sell farm-saved seed. These rights remain one of the most contested issues in international agricultural negotiations.Why are seed libraries important?Seed libraries help preserve locally adapted seed varieties while strengthening regional food resilience. They also create community networks for knowledge sharing and decentralized seed stewardship.How did Native Seeds/SEARCH navigate Indigenous seed stewardship?Bill shares stories from his time directing Native Seeds/SEARCH, including working with Zuni and Hopi communities to renegotiate relationships around seed stewardship, naming rights, and seed distribution.Why does Bill McDorman encourage people to attend UN treaty meetings?